Persistent post-traumatic headache (PTH), paradoxically, is more common after a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) than after a severe one.
In a recently published study, researchers in Indiana examined possible factors that may predispose people to a persistent headache after a mild TBI. They recruited 44 adult patients with mild TBI in an emergency department of a trauma center.
Participants completed a variety of psychological questionnaires and underwent tests to measure innate pain control mechanisms. Participants were classified into persistent PTH and nonpersistent PTH groups based on the 4-month data.
The results showed that patients with mild TBI who developed persistent PTH had significantly reduced pain inhibitory capacity, higher rates of depression and pain catastrophizing following injury compared to those who did not develop persistent PTH. They also found that headache pain intensity at 1–2 weeks and pain inhibitory capacity at 1–2 weeks predicted persistent PTH at 4 months after the injury.
The authors concluded that persistent PTH is more likely in people with impaired endogenous pain modulatory function and psychological processes such as depression and catastrophizing.
Catastrophizing is defined as having irrational thoughts about pain being uncontrollable, leading to disability, loss of a job, partner, ruined life, etc. Catastrophizing can be measured by questions such as “I feel it is never going to get better”, “I can’t stand it anymore”, and others.
Catastrophizing has been shown to predict the degree of pain and disability in chronic low back pain and other painful conditions.
The good news is that cognitive-behavioral therapy, multimodal treatment, and acceptance and commitment therapy can reduce catastrophizing.
